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On this page
  • Metrics
  • Concurrency
  • Transactions
  • Queries
  • Checkpoints
  • Buffers
  • Disks
  • Parameters
  • Autovacuum
  • Statements
  • Concurrency
  • Background Writer
  • Checkpoints
  • Write-Ahead
  • Cost
  • Disks and Memory
  • Statistics

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  1. Reference
  2. Optimization Packs
  3. PostgreSQL optimization pack

PostgreSQL 12

This page describes the Optimization Pack for the component type PostgreSQL 12

Metrics

Concurrency

Parameter
Unit
Description

pg_connections

connections

The number of connections in the db.

pg_total_locks

locks

The total number of locks (of any type) performed.

pg_conflicts

conflicts/s

The number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery in this database per second.

pg_deadlocks

deadlocks/s

The number of deadlocks detected in this database per second.

Transactions

Parameter
Unit
Description

pg_commits

commits/s

The number of transactions committed per second.

pg_rollbacks

rollbacks/s

The number of transactions rollbacked per second.

pg_longest_transaction

seconds

The max duration in seconds any active transaction has been running.

Queries

Metric
Unit
Description

pg_fetched_rows

rows/s

The number of rows fetched by queries per second.

pg_inserted_rows

rows/s

The number of rows inserted by queries per second.

pg_updated_rows

rows/s

The number of rows updated by queries per second.

pg_deleted_rows

rows/s

The number of rows deleted by queries per second.

pg_returned_rows

rows/s

The number of rows returned by queries per second.

pg_query_per_second

queries/s

The number of queries performed per second (both committed and rollbacked).

Checkpoints

Parameter
Unit
Description

pg_scheduled_checkpoints

checkpoints/s

The number of scheduled checkpoints performed in this database per second.

pg_requested_checkpoints

checkpoints/s

The number of requested checkpoints performed in this database per second.

pg_checkpoint_write_time

milliseconds

The total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk.

pg_checkpoint_write_time

milliseconds

The total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk.

Buffers

Metric
Unit
Description

pg_written_buffers_backend

writes/s

The number of buffers written directly by a backend per second.

pg_buffers_allocated

buffers/s

The number of buffers allocated per second.

pg_written_buffers_background

writes/s

The number of buffers written by the background writer per second.

pg_temp_files

bytes/s

The total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database per second.

pg_maxwritten_cleaning

stops/s

The number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers per second.

pg_written_buffers_checkpoint

writes/s

The number of buffers written during checkpoints per second.

Disks

Metric
Unit
Description

pg_cache_hit_rate

percent

The cache hit rate of the db.

pg_disks_reads

reads/s

The number of reads performed per second.

pg_read_time

milliseconds

The time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database.

pg_disks_reads

milliseconds

The time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database.

pg_backend_fsync

fsyncs/s

The time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database.

Parameters

Autovacuum

Parameter
Type
Unit
Default Value
Domain
Restart
Description

pg_autovacuum

categorical

on

on,

off

no

Controls whether the server should run the autovacuum launcher daemon.

pg_autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay

real

milliseconds

2

-1 → 100

no

The cost delay value that will be used in automatic VACUUM operations.

pg_autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit

integer

-1

-1 → 10000

no

The cost limit value that will be used in automatic VACUUM operations.

pg_autovacuum_vacuum_threshold

integer

tuples

50

0 → 2147483647

no

The minimum number of updated or deleted tuples needed to trigger a VACUUM in any one table.

pg_autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor

real

tuples

0.2

0.0 → 100

no

The fraction of the table size to add to autovacuum_vacuum_threshold when deciding whether to trigger a VACUUM.

Statements

Parameter
Type
Unit
Default Value
Domain
Restart
Description

pg_statement_timeout

integer

milliseconds

0

0 → 2147483647

no

The maximum allowed duration of any statement.

Concurrency

Parameter
Type
Unit
Default Value
Domain
Restart
Description

pg_max_connections

integer

connections

100

1→ 262143

yes

The maximum number of concurrent connections allowed.

pg_effective_io_concurrency

integer

iops

1

0 → 1000

no

The number of simultaneous requests that can be handled efficiently by the disk subsystem.

pg_max_parallel_maintenance_workers

integer

workers

2

0 → 1024

no

Set the maximum number of parallel processes that can be started by a single utility command.

pg_max_parallel_workers

integer

workers

8

0 → 1024

no

Set the maximum number of parallel workers that that the system can support for parallel operations.

pg_max_parallel_workers_per_gather

integer

workers

2

0 → 1024

no

Set the maximum number of parallel processes that can be started by a single Gather or Gather Merge node.

pg_deadlock_timeout

integer

milliseconds

1000

1 → 2147483647

no

The time to wait on a lock before checking for deadlock.

pg_max_pred_locks_per_transaction

integer

predicate_locks

64

10 → 2147483647

yes

The maximum number of predicate locks per transaction.

pg_max_locks_per_transaction

integer

locks

64

10 → 2147483647

yes

The maximum number of locks per transaction.

Background Writer

Parameter
Type
Unit
Default value
Domain
Restart
Description

pg_bgwriter_delay

integer

milliseconds

200

10 → 10000

no

The delay between activity rounds for the background writer.

pg_bgwriter_lru_maxpages

integer

buffers

100

0 → 1073741823

no

The maximum number of LRU pages to flush per round by the background writer.

Checkpoints

Parameter
Type
Unit
Default value
Domain
Restart
Description

pg_checkpoint_completion_target

real

0.5

0.0 → 1.0

no

The time spent flushing dirty buffers during checkpoint, as fraction of checkpoint interval.

Write-Ahead

Parameter
Type
Unit
Default value
Domain
Restart
Description

pg_wal_level

categorical

category

replica

mminimal,

replica,

logical

yes

The level of information written to the WAL.

pg_wal_buffers

integer

kilobytes

-1

-1 → 2097144

no

The number of disk-page buffers in shared memory for WAL.

pg_max_wal_senders

integer

processes

10

0 → 262143

yes

The maximum number of simultaneously running WAL sender processes. Zero disables replication.

pg_wal_compression

categorical

off

on,

off

no

Set the compression of full-page writes written in WAL file.

pg_max_wal_size

integer

megabytes

1024

2 → 2147483647

no

The maximum size to let the WAL grow to between automatic WAL checkpoints.

pg_checkpoint_timeout

integer

seconds

300

30 → 86400

no

The maximum time between automatic WAL checkpoints.

pg_wal_sync_method

categorical

category

fdatasync

fsync,

fdatasync,

open_sync,

open_datasync

no

The method used for forcing WAL updates out to disk.

Cost

Parameter
Type
Unit
Default value
Domain
Restart
Description

pg_random_page_cost

real

4.0

0.0 → 1.79769e+308

no

The planner's estimate of the cost of a non-sequentially fetched disk page.

Disks and Memory

Parameter
Type
Unit
Default value
Domain
Restart
Description

pg_shared_buffers

integer

kilobytes

131072

128 → 8589934584

yes

The amount of memory dedicated to PostgreSQL to use for caching data.

pg_work_mem

integer

kilobytes

4096

64 → 2147483647

no

The maximum amount of memory to be used by a query operation (such as a sort or hash table) before writing to temporary disk files.

pg_maintenance_work_mem

integer

kilobytes

65536

1024 → 2147483647

no

The maximum amount of memory to be used by maintenance operations, such as VACUUM, CREATE INDEX, and ALTER TABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY.

pg_effective_cache_size

integer

kilobytes

524288

1 → 2147483647

no

The planner's assumption about the effective size of the disk cache available to a single query. A higher value makes it more likely index scans will be used, a lower value makes it more likely sequential scans will be used.

Statistics

Parameter
Type
Unit
Default value
Domain
Restart
Description

pg_default_statistics_target

integer

100

1 → 10000

no

Sets the amount of default statistics target for table columns.

Last updated 1 year ago

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